Every 1st of May, Nigeria joins the rest of the world to celebrate Workers’ Day, also known as Labour Day or May Day—a day dedicated to honouring the tireless efforts of workers who form the backbone of every nation’s economy.
The history of Workers’ Day dates back to the labour union movements of the late 19th century, particularly the Haymarket affair in Chicago in 1886, where workers protested for an eight-hour workday. This movement eventually gained global traction, prompting countries across the world to designate 1st May as a public holiday in honour of workers.
In Nigeria, Workers’ Day was officially recognised as a public holiday in 1981 during the administration of President Shehu Shagari. The move came after years of agitation by Nigerian labour unions, particularly the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), which was formed in 1978 as the central body representing the interests of workers across the country.
Since then, Workers’ Day in Nigeria has evolved into a day of both celebration and activism. It is marked by rallies, parades, and speeches in major cities, especially the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, and various state capitals. Leaders of trade unions use the occasion to address pressing issues such as wage increases, job security, workers’ rights, and improved working conditions.
Labour unions in Nigeria have historically played a pivotal role in shaping labour policies and safeguarding workers’ welfare. From the struggles against colonial exploitation to recent campaigns for a national minimum wage, unions have consistently remained a voice for the voiceless.
In 2019, the Nigerian government implemented a new minimum wage of ₦30,000, following intense negotiations led by the NLC and the Trade Union Congress (TUC). While this was a milestone, implementation across all sectors remains uneven, highlighting the continued relevance of Workers’ Day as a platform for advocacy.
While the day serves as a reminder of the victories won by the labour force, it also highlights ongoing challenges such as unemployment, casualisation of labour, poor remuneration, and unsafe working environments. The COVID-19 pandemic further exposed vulnerabilities in Nigeria’s labour sector, with many workers losing their livelihoods or being subjected to reduced wages.
As Nigeria seeks to diversify its economy and build a sustainable future, investment in human capital is crucial. Ensuring fair labour practices, enhancing worker training, and creating inclusive policies must remain at the heart of national development.
Workers’ Day is not merely a public holiday—it is a tribute to resilience, a celebration of labour’s legacy, and a clarion call for a just and equitable society. As we honour Nigerian workers today, let us also reaffirm our commitment to their dignity, safety, and well-being. For it is through the strength of our workforce that the nation moves forward.
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